Legal Opinion
United States v. Victor Manuel Valencia-Roldan
Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
Decided January 10, 1990No. 88-5422PublishedCited by 54 opinions
1Opinion of the Court
O’SCANNLAIN, Circuit Judge:
This criminal appeal raises several questions for review including whether 21 U.S.C. § 845b, which makes it unlawful to employ minors in drug trafficking, is a sentence enhancement or separate offense statute. We conclude that the district court properly construed section 845b as a separate offense statute and we affirm the judgment of conviction.
I
Valencia-Roldan (“Valencia”) shared an apartment in Eagle Rock, California with his girlfriend, Martha Lopez, who was a minor at all times relevant to these events. On June 19, 1988, Juan Fredy Ramirez-Ar-boleda…
2Cases cited13 opinions
- United States v. MatlockSupreme Court of the United States · 1974
- Tompkins v. Superior CourtCalifornia Supreme Court · 1963
- United States v. Harriet Ann Impink, United States of America v. Richard D. BolanosCourt of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit · 1984
- United States v. Joseph Samuel Kinsey, United States of America v. Albert KinseyCourt of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit · 1988
- United States v. Henry Carter, A/K/A A.B. Lay A/K/A Prince, Tracy Lynn Jones, and Sheila Marie O'MearaCourt of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit · 1988
8 more not listed; retrieve them via the Exa API.
3Cited by54 opinions
- United States v. Frank Smith, Keith McCain Russell Ellis, Eric Wilson, Sherman Moore, Steven Pink and Charles PoteeteCourt of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 2000
- United States v. Bradford L. LockettCourt of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit · 1990
- United States v. David Michael KelleyCourt of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit · 1992
- United States v. Eric L. Frazier, Jacoby Walker and Michael MasonCourt of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 2000
- United States v. Larry Wayne Lafleur, United States of America v. Nick Michael HolmCourt of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit · 1992
49 more not listed; retrieve them via the Exa API.