Navigazione Generale Italiana v. Elting

L. HAND, Circuit Judge.

This is an action to recover for fines unlawfully imposed upon the plaintiff for bringing in twenty-eight aliens. The complaint contained thirty-three causes of action, the excess being due to double finos in five cases. The cause was tried to a jury of one, and the judge directed a verdict for the defendant on four causes of action; the plaintiff discontinued one. This appeal concerns the cases of the twenty-three remaining aliens, and the five duplications, twenty-eight causes of action in all. The numbers of the causes of action not before us on appeal are 1, 2,12,…