Transatlantica Italiana v. Elting

CHASE, Circuit Judge.

These appeals, though by different plaintiffs, were argued together, and one opinion will suffice for both. They relate to fines imposed upon steamship companies for bringing inadmissible aliens to this country and paid under protest.

In the Transatlántica Case there were twelve causes of action, but only the judgments in the fifth, seventh, tenth, and twelfth causes are in issue. In the Lloyd Sabaudo Case, which originally comprised ten causes of action, an appeal was taken only from the judgments in the fifth and sixth causes.

Both of the causes of action in the Lloyd…