Gregory Baldwin v. City of Estherville, Iowa

APPEL, Justice (concurring in part and dissenting in part).

I. Introduction.

In Baldwin v. City of Estherville (Baldwin II ), 915 N.W.2d 259, 281 (Iowa 2018), the majority of this court decided that a government official could assert a modified qualified immunity defense to a state constitutional tort under article I, sections 1 and 8 of the Iowa Constitution. For reasons expressed in my dissenting opinion in *703Baldwin II , I was unable to join the majority opinion. Id. (Appel, J., dissenting). I continue to believe there is no immunity available to shield individual state officers from liability…