Legal Opinion
United States v. Jackie D. Long, Robert F. Money, United States of America v. Keith A. Griffin
Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit
Decided July 17, 1991No. 89-3942, 89-4007PublishedCited by 29 opinions
1Opinion of the Court
EDMONDSON, Circuit Judge:
In this case we decide when and how the victim’s race can be properly considered when applying the Sentencing Guidelines to persons convicted of interfering with the civil rights of others. We hold that the victim’s race, in itself, cannot be used to increase automatically the level of punishment, but that the victim’s race is a fact that can be considered together with the other specific circumstances to determine whether the victim was a “vulnerable victim” for sentence enhancement purposes under section 3A1.1 of the Guidelines. Because our view of the law differs…
2Cases cited6 opinions
- McCleskey v. KempSupreme Court of the United States · 1987
- Turner v. MurraySupreme Court of the United States · 1986
- United States v. Juventino Mejia-OroscoCourt of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit · 1989
- United States v. Willie Frank GoolsbyCourt of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit · 1990
- United States v. Robert Lorne SalyerCourt of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit · 1989
1 more not listed; retrieve them via the Exa API.
3Cited by29 opinions
- United States v. BradleyCourt of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit · 2011
- United States v. Alfred Octave Morrill, Jr.Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit · 1993
- United States v. Kenneth T. Hayward, and William B. Krause, Jr.Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 1993
- United States v. ShenbergCourt of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit · 1996
- United States v. Marshall G. Peters and Linda PetersCourt of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit · 1992
24 more not listed; retrieve them via the Exa API.