Emanuel Friedrich v. Jeana Michele Friedrich David Harper and Shirley Harper

BOGGS, Circuit Judge.

This is a case of first impression, requiring us to determine when the removal of a child from one country to another by one parent, without the consent of the other, is “wrongful” as defined by the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction (“the Convention”) as implemented by the United States Congress in the International Child Abduction Remedies Act (“the Act”), 42 U.S.C. §§ 11601-11610. Emanuel Friedrich appeals from the denial of his petition for the return of his son, Thomas, to Germany. Thomas was removed from Germany to the United…