Legal Opinion
Joseph v. Blair
Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit
Decided July 26, 1973No. Nos. 73-1131, 72-2441, 72-2442PublishedCited by 16 opinions
1Opinion of the Court
WINTER, Circuit Judge:
The scope and application of Younger v. Harris, 401 U.S. 37, 91 S.Ct. 746, 27 L.Ed.2d 669 (1971) and its progeny are the major questions in each of these appeals, and we therefore decide them together. The appeals arise from suits to have declared invalid and to enjoin enforcement of the ordinances of Falls Church, Norfolk, Hampton, and Newport News, Virginia, which, under sanction of criminal penalty, regulate massage parlors and, with certain exceptions, prohibit the massage of any person by another of the opposite sex. The validity of the ordinances was attacked on…
2Cases cited17 opinions
- Younger v. HarrisSupreme Court of the United States · 1971
- SAMUELS Et Al. v. MACKELL, DISTRICT ATTORNEY OF QUEENS COUNTY, Et Al.Supreme Court of the United States · 1971
- Perez v. LedesmaSupreme Court of the United States · 1971
- Lake Carriers' Assn. v. MacMullanSupreme Court of the United States · 1972
- Boyle v. LandrySupreme Court of the United States · 1971
12 more not listed; retrieve them via the Exa API.
3Cited by16 opinions
- Weisbrod v. LynnDistrict Court, District of Columbia · 1974
- Hogge v. JohnsonCourt of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit · 1975
- Chertkof v. Mayor & City Council of BaltimoreDistrict Court, D. Maryland · 1980
- Industrial Consultants, Inc. v. H. S. Equities, Inc.Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit · 1981
- Aldridge Ex Rel. Kent v. DeanDistrict Court, D. Maryland · 1975
11 more not listed; retrieve them via the Exa API.