Legal Opinion
Hogge v. Johnson
Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit
Decided August 19, 1975No. Nos. 74-1656, 74-1657PublishedCited by 30 opinions
1Opinion of the Court
CRAVEN, Circuit Judge:
Plaintiffs below sought injunctive and declaratory relief against local ordinances designated to regulate massage parlors in Hampton and Newport News, Virginia. With certain exceptions, the ordinances prohibit, under criminal sanction, the massage of any person by another of the opposite sex.1 That prohibition was attacked both as an arbitrary sex-based classification in violation of the fourteenth amendment’s Equal Protection Clause and as requiring sex discrimination in the employment of massage parlor attendants, in conflict with Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of…
2Cases cited8 opinions
- Younger v. HarrisSupreme Court of the United States · 1971
- Hicks v. MirandaSupreme Court of the United States · 1975
- Glover v. McMurraySupreme Court of the United States · 1974
- Kisley v. City of Falls ChurchSupreme Court of Virginia · 1972
- In Re MakiCalifornia Court of Appeal · 1943
3 more not listed; retrieve them via the Exa API.
3Cited by30 opinions
- James O. Pollard, Etc. v. Lila Cockrell, Etc.Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit · 1978
- Stillwell v. CommonwealthSupreme Court of Virginia · 1978
- Colorado Springs Amusements, Ltd. v. RizzoCourt of Appeals for the Third Circuit · 1975
- MRM, INC. v. City of DavenportSupreme Court of Iowa · 1980
- Oklahoma Telecasters Ass'n v. CrispCourt of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit · 1983
25 more not listed; retrieve them via the Exa API.