United States v. Lowell J. Bavers, Duane J. French, and May L. Bavers

WELLFORD, Circuit Judge.

Following their convictions on conspiracy and mail fraud charges, involving a scheme to defraud farmers, Lowell Bavers, his wife May Bavers, and Duane French 1 assert a number of errors which they claim on appeal should entitle them either to acquittal or to a new trial. We shall, for the sake of brevity, refer to them as Lowell, May, and French hereafter.

Lowell was the chief executive officer and controlling stockholder in Detroit Steel, Inc. located in Charlevoix, Michigan, a business holding itself out to be engaged in fabrication and sale of metal farm outbuildings…