Carter v. Thompson

On February 20, 1934, the director of public safety of the city of Norfolk, with the approval of its city manager, and through its fire chief, issued this order:

“19. No member of the fire division will be permitted to join or retain membership in any firemen’s organization affiliated or in any way connected with any organization outside of the division of fire of the city of Norfolk.

“20. No firemen’s organization will be permitted in the division of fire, except ‘Norfolk Firemen’s Relief and Social Association’ and members of the division of fire are prohibited from joining or retaining…