Legal Opinion
Earl Billish v. City of Chicago, Chicago Fire Fighters Union v. Richard M. Daley
Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
Decided March 29, 1993No. 90-1650, 90-2182PublishedCited by 38 opinions
1Opinion of the Court
POSNER, Circuit Judge.
We granted rehearing en banc to examine the following difficult and important question: In what circumstances can admitted racial discrimination, challenged as a violation of the equal protection clause because committed by an organ of state government, be upheld as a proper remedial measure when there has been no trial to determine whether the discrimination can survive “strict scrutiny”? For that is the constitutional standard applicable to discrimination against as well as in favor of whites. City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co., 488 U.S. 469, 109 S.Ct. 706, 102…
2Cases cited15 opinions
- Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc.Supreme Court of the United States · 1986
- Regents of the University of California v. BakkeSupreme Court of the United States · 1978
- City of Richmond v. J. A. Croson Co.Supreme Court of the United States · 1989
- Hazelwood School District v. United StatesSupreme Court of the United States · 1977
- Wygant v. Jackson Board of EducationSupreme Court of the United States · 1986
10 more not listed; retrieve them via the Exa API.
3Cited by38 opinions
- Kenneth SARSHA, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. SEARS, ROEBUCK & COMPANY, Defendant-AppelleeCourt of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 1993
- Robert G. COURTNEY, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. BIOSOUND, INC., Defendant-AppelleeCourt of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 1994
- Carol Majeske v. City of ChicagoCourt of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 2000
- Ensley Branch, N.A.A.C.P. Donald Nixon William Moss Alvin Mahaffey, Jr., Birmingham Fire Fighters Association 117 Birmingham Association of City Employees, Intervenors v. George Seibels, Individually and as Mayor of the City of Birmingham, John W. Martin Major Florence Ida McGruder Sam Coar, Birmingham Fire Fighters Association 117 Birmingham Association of City Employees Billy Gray, Intervenors v. City of Birmingham George C. Seibels, Jr. Mayor of Birmingham Jefferson County Personnel Board, United States of America, Birmingham Fire Fighters Association 117, Intervenors, Robert K. Wilks James A. Bennett Floyd E. Click James D. Morgan Joel Alan Day, Plaintiffs-Intervenors-Appellants v. Jefferson County, City of Birmingham and George G. SeibelsCourt of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit · 1994
- James A. McNAMARA, Et Al., Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. CITY OF CHICAGO, Et Al., Defendants-AppelleesCourt of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 1998
33 more not listed; retrieve them via the Exa API.