In the Matter of Grand Jury Investigation (Detroit Police Department Special Cash Fund)

BOYCE F. MARTIN, Jr., Circuit Judge.

These consolidated appeals arise from a complex grand jury investigation of alleged improprieties involving the Detroit police department’s special operations imprest cash account. In order to satisfy a request for anonymity, we will refer to the individual under subpoena, and the subject of this appeal, using the masculine gender and the word Witness. Witness appeals the order of the Eastern District of Michigan finding him in civil contempt for failing to appropriately respond to a subpoena duces te-cum issued by the grand jury. The City of Detroit…