Alliance for Cal. Bus. v. State Air Res. Bd.

*1053We consolidated these cases to address a novel question regarding jurisdiction under the unique and complex cooperative federalism scheme of the federal Clean Air Act ( 42 U.S.C. § 7401 et seq. ) (Act). The Act authorizes the United States Environmental Protection Agency (Agency) to promulgate national primary and secondary ambient air quality standards. (Id ., §§ 7408, 7409.) States, however, have the "primary responsibility for assuring air quality" and must each devise, adopt, and implement a state implementation plan (SIP) specifying how the state will achieve and maintain the national…