United States v. Durham

MATHESON, Circuit Judge.

*1187TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. BACKGROUND....1189

A. Factual Background....1189

B. Procedural Background....1191

II. DISCUSSION....1192

A. Issue One: Constitutionality of 18 U.S.C. § 2423(c) under the Foreign Commerce Clause....1192

1. Section 2423(c) and Congress's Efforts to Combat Sex Trafficking....1193

a. Provisions of the statutory scheme....1193

b. Early efforts to combat sex trafficking....1194

c. Legislative history leading to passage of § 2423(c)....1195

i. Enactment of § 2423(b)....1195

ii. Enactment of § 2423(c)....1196

2. The Commerce Clause....1197

a. ICC case law....1197

i.…