Legal Opinion
United States v. Kiymiko A. Hardin, Keith L. Robinson, Gregory Sallis, and Joell Jordan
Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
Decided March 30, 2000No. 99-1175, 99-1285, 99-1224, 99-1261PublishedCited by 42 opinions
1Opinion of the Court
TERENCE T. EVANS, Circuit Judge.
In addition to some garden-variety issues, the appeal from this multiweek, multidefendant drug trafficking trial presents an interesting question about whether a provision in the continuing criminal enterprise statute is a mere penalty enhancement or an element of the crime. On which side of the line the item falls is rather important, of course. An element of the crime must be charged in the indictment, submitted to a jury, and proved beyond a reasonable doubt. See, e.g., Jones v. United States, 526 U.S. 227, 119 S.Ct. 1215, 1219, 143 L.Ed.2d 811 (1999). A…
2Cases cited54 opinions
- Bruton v. United StatesSupreme Court of the United States · 1968
- Almendarez-Torres v. United StatesSupreme Court of the United States · 1998
- Neder v. United StatesSupreme Court of the United States · 1999
- Griffin v. CaliforniaSupreme Court of the United States · 1965
- Griffin v. CaliforniaSupreme Court of the United States · 1965
49 more not listed; retrieve them via the Exa API.
3Cited by42 opinions
- United States v. Frank Smith, Keith McCain Russell Ellis, Eric Wilson, Sherman Moore, Steven Pink and Charles PoteeteCourt of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 2000
- United States v. Guy J. WestmorelandCourt of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 2001
- United States v. Danny Smith and Harry D. LoweCourt of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 2002
- United States v. Nazareth WilsonCourt of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 2001
- United States v. AlviarCourt of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 2009
37 more not listed; retrieve them via the Exa API.