Adrian Energy Associates v. Michigan Public Service Commission, Consumers Energy Company, Intervenor-Defendant

OPINION

MERRITT, Circuit Judge.

This case arose from a contractual dispute between plaintiffs, who are eight small power-producing companies, 1 and the intervenor, Consumers Energy, a Michigan utility. Consumers Energy purchases power from plaintiffs pursuant to negotiated agreements, the terms, conditions and interpretation of which is governed by a complex state and federal regulatory scheme. Plaintiffs contend that Consumers Energy is not paying them contractually-agreed upon amounts, and they have sought relief in several different forums over the past several years, including state and…