Sparton Corporation, and Cross-Appellee v. Evans Products Co., and Cross-Appellant. (Two Cases)

MARTIN, Circuit Judge.

One of the problems long confronting railroads concerned the damage to goods in shipment resulting from movement of the freight within a freight car while in transit. An early attempt at solution, still practiced today, was the use of disposable wooden braces. Bracing used in cars to hold the freight in position is called “dunnage.” This wooden disposable dunnage was nailed into position in the car so as to secure the freight against movement. The walls and floor of the car were lined with wood to receive the nails. After frequent use, this lining had to be replaced,…