United States v. Ruben Rocha, Thomas Padilla, Hector Garcia-Garcia, Johnny Robert Hinojosa, and Jose Santos Gallegos

JOHNSON, Circuit Judge:

Defendants-appellants Ruben Rocha (“Rocha”), Thomas Padilla (“Padilla”), Hector Garcia-Garcia (“Garcia”), Johnny Robert Hinojosa (“Hinojosa”) and Jose Santos Gallegos (“Gallegos”) were convicted on various federal criminal charges arising from the kidnapping of Michael Baker. All of the defendants have appealed their convictions and sentences on numerous grounds. Finding no reversible error, we affirm each defendant’s conviction and sentence.

I. FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

This case involves the kidnapping of seventeen year old Michael Baker (“Baker”). The events leading…