Richmond Coal Co. v. Commercial Union Assur. Co., Ltd., of London, England

ROSS, Circuit Judge.

This action was brought by the plaintiff in error against the defendant in error upon a policy of fire insurance issued by the defendant insuring the plaintiff against all direct loss or damage by fire on certain coal stored on the premises situated at the northwest corner of Howard and Spear streets, in the city of San Francisco, the policy, however, containing the provision that the insurance company—

“shall not be liable for loss caused directly or indirectly by invasion, earthquake, insurrection, riot, civil war or commotion, or military or usurped power, or by order of…