Legal Opinion
Norman Birnbaum, B. Leonard Avery and Mary Rule MacMillen Plaintiffs v. United States
Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
Decided November 9, 1978No. 935, 976, 977, Dockets 77-6175, 77-6181, 77-6183PublishedCited by 205 opinions
1Opinion of the Court
GURFEIN, Circuit Judge:
For twenty years (from approximately 1953 to 1973), the Central Intelligence Agency (“CIA”) covertly opened first class mail which American citizens sent to, or received from, the Soviet Union. Letters destined for the U.S.S.R., or originating there, were selected by agents in New York, photocopied, and then returned to postal authorities for ultimate delivery. Selection criteria were employed, but some letters were chosen at random. During the existence of the project over 215,000 pieces of mail were inspected and copied in this fashion.1
In 1958, the Federal Bureau of…
2Cases cited83 opinions
- Monell v. New York City Dept. of Social Servs.Supreme Court of the United States · 1978
- Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of Federal Bureau of NarcoticsSupreme Court of the United States · 1971
- Katz v. United StatesSupreme Court of the United States · 1967
- Griswold v. ConnecticutSupreme Court of the United States · 1965
- Bell v. HoodSupreme Court of the United States · 1946
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3Cited by205 opinions
- Melanie Geisler v. Orlando R. Petrocelli and Pinnacle Books, Inc.Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit · 1980
- Liranzo v. United StatesCourt of Appeals for the Second Circuit · 2012
- Stanley Spencer v. National Labor Relations BoardCourt of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit · 1983
- Contemporary Mission, Inc. v. United States Postal Service, Angelo J. Gaetano, Richard P. Evans, John Does I, Ii, and IIICourt of Appeals for the Second Circuit · 1981
- L. Patrick Gray, III v. Griffin BellCourt of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit · 1983
200 more not listed; retrieve them via the Exa API.