Leonard Penney Helen Penney, Appellants/cross-Appellees v. Praxair, Inc., Appellee/cross-Appellant

BEAM, Circuit Judge.

Leonard and Helen Penney appeal the district court’s 2 denial of their motion for a new trial and the exclusion of certain medical evidence in this personal injury action. Praxair cross-appeals the district court’s denial of judgment as a matter of law as to future medical expenses. We affirm.

I. BACKGROUND

This is a diversity action seeking damages for a rear-end collision which occurred in Iowa. Leonard Penney was sleeping in the front passenger seat of a car that was hit by a loaded tanker truck owned by Praxair. Because the accident occurred in a construction zone with…