United States v. Northern Pac. Ry. Co.

RUDKIN, Circuit Judge.

The complaint in this case contains 18 causes of action, each cause of action charging a violation of the Safety Appliance Act and the orders of the Interstate Commerce Commission made and issued pursuant thereto. The answer of the defendant admitted the interstate character of its business and denied each and every other allegation of the complaint. By way of an affirmative defense, but not as a defense to any particular cause of action, the answer averred that on the 1st day of July, 1922, the joint shop craft employees of the railway company, including those engaged…