In re Plains All American Pipeline, L.P. Securities Litigation

*877MEMORANDUM AND OPINION

Lee H. Rosenthal, Chief United States District Judge

Contents

I. The Parties and the Plaintiffs’ Causes of Action... 878

A. The Plaintiffs... 878

B. The Defendants... 879

1. The Plains Defendants... 879

a. The Corporate Defendants.. .879

b. The Individual Defendants... 879

i. The Officer Defendants... 879

ii. The Director Defendants... 880

2. The Underwriter Defendants... 880

C. The Causes of Action... 880

II. The Complaint’s Factual Allegations and Alleged Misrepresentations.. .880

A. Background: Plains’s Operations. . .880

B. Plains’s Pre-Class Period Actions and the EPA Consent…