Guardians Assn. v. Civil Serv. Comm'n of New York City

The threshold issue before the Court is whether the private plaintiffs in this case need to prove discriminatory intent to establish a violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 78 Stat. 252, as amended, 42 U. S. C. §2000d et seq.,1 and administrative implementing regulations promulgated thereunder. I conclude, as do four other Justices, in separate opinions, that the Court of Appeals erred in requiring proof of discriminatory intent.2 However, I conclude that the judgment below should be affirmed on other grounds, because, in the absence of proof of discriminatory animus,…