Katie John v. Alaska Fish and Wildlife Fed

OPINION

KLEINFELD, Senior Circuit Judge:

These consolidated appeals concern the 1999 Final Rules (“1999 Rules”) promulgated by the Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of Agriculture (“Secretaries”) to implement part of the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (“ANILCA”). 1 The 1999 Rules identify which navigable waters within Alaska constitute “public lands” under Title VIII of ANILCA, which provides a priority to rural Alaska residents for subsistence hunting and fishing on such lands. Plaintiffs-Appellants Katie John, et al., argue that the 1999 Rules sweep too narrowly, in…