Vives v. City of New York

OPINION AND ORDER

SCHEINDLIN, District Judge.

In this Information Age, Americans are bombarded daily with unsolicited commu nications, by telephone, fax, email, and mail. The vast majority view these communications as, at a minimum, annoying— email boxes filled with spam, prerecorded advertisements left on telephone answering machines, mail slots jammed with credit card applications, catalogs and brochures. 1 Some of the communications go beyond annoying, and rise to the level of alarming — emails that threaten the recipient with harm if the email is not forwarded to a certain number of people,…