United States v. Morgan

MATHESON, Circuit Judge.

Tracy Morgan, Killiu Ford, and Augustus Sanford (the “Defendants”) were indicted and tried together. A jury convicted them of kidnapping, conspiracy to kidnap, and possession of a firearm during a crime of violence. Each defendant brought a separate appeal, raising overlapping but not identical issues. Exercising jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291, we affirm as to each defendant.

I. BACKGROUND

A. Factual History1

In August 2009, Mr. Morgan and his friend, Marvin Tabor,2 plotted to kidnap *1029and rob Mario Armendariz. Pursuant to their plan, Mr. Morgan attached a GPS…