Vietnam Veterans of America v. Central Intelligence Agency

Opinion by Judge W. FLETCHER; Partial Concurrence and Partial Dissent by Judge WALLACE.

OPINION

W. FLETCHER, Circuit Judge:

From the inception of the United States’ chemical weapons program during World War I until the mid-1970s, the United States military conducted chemical and biological weapons experiments on human subjects. In these experiments, tens of thousands of members of the United States armed services were intentionally exposed to a range of chemical and biological agents.

Plaintiffs are veterans’ organizations and individuals who were subjects in these experiments. They filed an…