International Union of the United Ass'n of Journeymen & Apprentices of the Plumbing & Pipefitting Industry, Local Unions Nos. 141, 229, 681, & 706 v. National Labor Relations Board

Opinion for the court filed by Senior Circuit Judge LUMBARD.

Dissenting opinion filed by Circuit Judge MIKVA.

LUMBARD, Senior Circuit Judge:

In bargaining for a renewal of labor management contracts in four right-to-work states, the Union1 insisted on clauses assessing non-union employees for the costs of union representation. International Paper Co. (the Company) responded that, in those states, such clauses were illegal under right-to-work laws. The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) found that such clauses were not a mandatory subject for bargaining, and therefore insistence on the clauses…