United States v. Commonwealth of Virginia George F. Allen, Governor, of the Commonwealth of Virginia Virginia Military Institute Joseph M. Spivey, Iii, President of the Virginia Military Institute Board of Visitors John Williams Knapp, Superintendent of Virginia Military Institute the Board of Visitors of Virginia Military Institute Vmi Foundation, Incorporated Vmi Alumni Association the Virginia State Council of Higher Education and Its Members and Officers Thomas N. Downing Elizabeth P. Hoisington, Brig. Gen. Robert Q. Marston a Courtland Spotts, Iii, Daniel F. Flowers B. Powell Harrison, Jr. Robert H. Spilman Samuel E. Woolwine James W. Enochs, Jr. William A. Hazel Harvey S. Sadow Douglas K. Baumgartner Daniel D. Cameron Glen N. Jones John W. Roberts, and Gordon K. Davies, the National Women's Law Center American Association of University Women American Civil Liberties Union California Women's Law Center Center for Women Policy Studies Connecticut Women's Education and Legal Fund Equal Rights Advocates Federally Employed Women, Inc. Feminist Majority Foundation Human Rights Campaign Fund Lawyer's Committee for Civil Rights Under Law National Association for Girls & Women in Sport National Association of Commissions for Women National Council of Negro Women National Education Association National Gay and Lesbian Task Force National Hookup of Black Women National Organization for Women Now Legal Defense and Education Fund National Women's Conference Committee National Women's Party Northwest Women's Law Center Trial Lawyers for Public Justice Women Employed Women's Law Project Women's Legal Defense Fund Ywca of the U.S.A. Mary Baldwin College Wells College Saint Mary's College Southern Virginia College, Amici Curiae. United States of America v. Commonwealth of Virginia George F. Allen, Governor, of the Commonwealth of Virginia Virginia Military Institute Joseph M. Spivey, Iii, President of the Virginia Military Institute Board of Visitors John Williams Knapp, Superintendent of Virginia Military Institute the Board of Visitors of Virginia Military Institute Vmi Foundation, Incorporated Vmi Alumni Association the Virginia State Council of Higher Education and Its Members and Officers Thomas N. Downing Elizabeth P. Hoisington, Brig. Gen. Robert Q. Marston a Courtland Spotts, Iii, Daniel F. Flowers B. Powell Harrison, Jr. Robert H. Spilman Samuel E. Woolwine James W. Enochs, Jr. William A. Hazel Harvey S. Sadow Douglas K. Baumgartner Daniel D. Cameron Glen N. Jones John W. Roberts, and Gordon K. Davies, the National Women's Law Center American Association of University Women American Civil Liberties Union California Women's Law Center Center for Women Policy Studies Connecticut Women's Education and Legal Fund Equal Rights Advocates Federally Employed Women, Inc. Feminist Majority Foundation Human Rights Campaign Fund Lawyer's Committee for Civil Rights Under Law National Association for Girls & Women in Sport National Association of Commissions for Women National Council of Negro Women National Education Association National Gay and Lesbian Task Force National Hookup of Black Women National Organization for Women Now Legal Defense and Education Fund National Women's Conference Committee National Women's Party Northwest Women's Law Center Trial Lawyers for Public Justice Women Employed Women's Law Project Women's Legal Defense Fund Ywca of the U.S.A. Mary Baldwin College Wells College Saint Mary's College Southern Virginia College, Amici Curiae

Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit