In Re Dukes

Cacioppo, Judge.

Appellants, Ruth and Robert Crissman, are the natural mother and stepfather of Christopher Todd Dukes (“Christopher”). They appeal the juvenile court’s finding of abuse and subsequent placement of Christopher with his paternal grandparents, with temporary custody in the Summit County Children Services Board (“CSB”).

On September 20, 1990, Christopher, then eight years old, was observed with bruises on both arms. Christopher’s school principal and school nurse examined the bruises and asked Christopher about their source. Christopher responded that his dog had caused the…