United States v. Eugene Ziperstein, Richard Petrizzi, Marvin Rosenthal, Shuw Ling Chang and Joseph Lentini

SPRECHER, Circuit Judge.

The defendants, all of whom were connected with the ownership or operation of so-called Medicaid mills, were convicted of mail fraud, a conspiracy to defraud the United States, and conducting a criminal enterprise affecting interstate commerce. We find that all of the arguments raised by the defendants are without merit and affirm the convictions.

I

The defendants operated twenty-eight medical clinics owned by defendant Ziper-stein. These clinics, located in Chicago, Illinois, consisted of a number of facilities housing offices for doctors, pharmacists and medical…