Pharmaceutical Care Management Ass'n v. District of Columbia

Opinion for the Court filed by Circuit Judge RANDOLPH.

RANDOLPH, Circuit Judge:

The plaintiff — the Pharmaceutical Care Management Association — is a national trade organization representing pharmacy benefit managers. Pharmacy benefit managers act as “middlemen” hired by health benefit providers (such as employers, health maintenance organizations, and public and private health plans) “to provide prescription drug benefit administration and management services.” 1 One important role of a pharmacy benefit manager is to pool health benefit providers and negotiate discounts on pharmaceuticals from…