JOSEPH JENKINS, EDWARD E. WARREN, DARNELL N. ANDERSON, & JAMES BATES v. UNITED STATES

FARRELL, Senior Judge:

Appellants collectively were indicted for a series of violent crimes and related other offenses arising from what the government alleged was a conspiracy to retaliate against a rival “crew” or street gang primarily for the shooting death of William “Boo” Foster, a leader of the so-called Todd Place Crew (or “TPC”) of which appellants were members.

The jury acquitted appellants of the conspiracy and declined as well to convict them based on related vicarious liability principles. Instead it convicted them of substantive crimes as follows: Jenkins, Bates, and Anderson were…