Llacua v. Western Range Association

MURPHY, Circuit Judge.

*1168 I. INTRODUCTION

Five Peruvian shepherds (the "Shepherds") 1 who worked in the Western United States pursuant to H-2A agricultural visas 2 brought antitrust 3 claims, on behalf of themselves and similarly situated classes of shepherds, against several sheep ranchers (the "Rancher Defendants"), 4 two associations (the "Association Defendants"), 5 and Dennis Richins 6 (referred to collectively as the "Defendants"). The Shepherds alleged the Defendants "conspired and agreed to fix wages offered and paid to shepherds at the minimum DOL wage floor." The Shepherds also brought…