Charles T. Robinson, Sr., Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Amicus Curiae v. Shell Oil Company

Affirmed by published opinion. Judge HAMILTON wrote the opinion, in which Judges RUSSELL, WIDENER, WILKINS, NIEMEYER, LUTTIG, and WILLIAMS joined. Judge HALL wrote a dissenting opinion, in which Chief Judge ERVIN and Judge MICHAEL joined. Judge MURNAGHAN also wrote a dissenting opinion, in which Chief Judge ERVIN joined. Judge WILKINSON and Judge MOTZ did not participate in this case.

OPINION

HAMILTON, Circuit Judge:

Section 704(a) of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (commonly referred to as Title VII’s anti-retaliation provision) makes it unlawful “for an employer to discriminate…