Legal Opinion

Morris v. New York State Police

District Court, N.D. New York

Decided August 8, 2017No. 1:16-CV-164PublishedCited by 22 opinions

1Opinion of the Court

MEMORANDUM-DECISION and ORDER

DAVID N. HURD, United States District Judge

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. INTRODUCTION... 352

*352II. BACKGROUND...352

III. DISCUSSION.'. .358

A. Eleventh Amendment Immunity...359

B. 42 U.S.C. § 1983...360

1.First Amendment Retaliation.. .360

i. Matter of Public Concern.'.. 361

ii. Speech as a Citizen.. .362

C. Discrimination Claims.. .362

1. Gender Discrimination.:. 363

2. Hostile Work Environment... 366

3. Retaliation... 368

D. Common Law Claims.. .369

IV. CONCLUSION... 370

I. INTRODUCTION

Plaintiffs Shannon Morris (“Morris"), Melissa Lee (“Lee”), and Kevin Rafferty (“Rafferty”)…

2Cases cited70 opinions

  1. Ashcroft v. IqbalSupreme Court of the United States · 2009
  2. Bell Atlantic Corp. v. TwomblySupreme Court of the United States · 2007
  3. Foman v. DavisSupreme Court of the United States · 1962
  4. Harris v. Forklift Systems, Inc.Supreme Court of the United States · 1993
  5. Burlington Northern & Santa Fe Railway Co. v. WhiteSupreme Court of the United States · 2006

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3Cited by22 opinions

  1. Thousand Island Park Corp. v. WelserDistrict Court, N.D. New York · 2018
  2. Blazquez v. City of AmsterdamDistrict Court, N.D. New York · 2023
  3. Byrd v. Town of DewittDistrict Court, N.D. New York · 2023
  4. Calenzo v. Waste Management, Inc.District Court, N.D. New York · 2025
  5. Christian Dribusch and Elizabeth Dribusch, as legal guardians of C.D. v. Willow Baer, as Commissioner of the Office for People with Developmental Disabilities, in her official capacityDistrict Court, N.D. New York · 2026

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