The Reverend Richmond F. Thweatt, Iii, Father and Next Friend of Richmond F. Thweatt, Iv, a Minor Child v. Dr. Joseph A. Ontko, an Individual

McKAY, Circuit Judge.

This appeal comes from a jury verdict for defendant Dr. Joseph A. Ontko and against plaintiff Rev. Richmond F. Thweatt, III. Rev. Thweatt brought this negligence action to recover for shooting injuries suffered by his 13-year-old son, Richmond, when Richmond, with his uncle and cousin, engaged in a “night patrol” on and around Dr. Ontko’s property. Rev. Thweatt now appeals, submitting four trial court actions for review.

I

Rev. Thweatt claims that the district court erred when it refused his motion for a directed verdict. Essentially, Rev. Thweatt argues that Dr. Ontko’s…