Legal Opinion
Planned Parenthood of the Columbia/Willamette, Inc. v. American Coalition of Life Activists
Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
Decided May 16, 2002No. Nos. 99-35320, 99-35325, 99-35327, 99-35331, 99-35333 and 99-35405PublishedCited by 19 opinions
1Opinion of the Court
Opinion by Judge RYMER; Dissent by Judge REINHARDT; Dissent by Judge KOZINSKI; Dissent by Judge BERZON.
RYMER, Circuit Judge.
For the first time we construe what the Freedom of Access to Clinics Entrances Act (FACE), 18 U.S.C. § 248, means by “threat of force.” FACE gives aggrieved persons a right of action against whoever by “threat of force ... intentionally ... intimidates ... any person because that person is or has been ... providing reproductive health services.” 18 U.S.C. § 248(a)(1) and (c)(1)(A). This requires that we define “threat of force” in a way that comports with the First…
2Cases cited78 opinions
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- United States v. O'BrienSupreme Court of the United States · 1968
- BMW of North America, Inc. v. GoreSupreme Court of the United States · 1996
- Bose Corp. v. Consumers Union of United States, Inc.Supreme Court of the United States · 1984
- R. A. v. v. City of St. PaulSupreme Court of the United States · 1992
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3Cited by19 opinions
- United States v. Robert D. Stewart, Jr., AKA Robert Wilson Stewart, Bob StewartCourt of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit · 2005
- United States v. Paul Kent CasselCourt of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit · 2005
- United States v. Zebuel Jackson HannaCourt of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit · 2002
- United States v. WheelerCourt of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit · 2015
- United States v. CarmichaelDistrict Court, M.D. Alabama · 2004
14 more not listed; retrieve them via the Exa API.