Legal Opinion
Nipper v. Smith
Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit
Decided December 2, 1994No. 92-2588PublishedCited by 170 opinions
1Opinion of the Court
TJOFLAT, Chief Judge:
Section 2(a) of the Voting Rights Act, 42 U.S.C. § 1973 (1988), states that “[n]o voting qualification or prerequisite to voting, or standard, practice, or procedure shall be imposed or applied by any State or political subdivision in a manner which results in a denial or abridgement of the right of any citizen of the United States to vote on account of race or color.” Under section 2(b) of the Act, “[a] violation of [section 2(a) ] is established if, based on the totality of the circumstances, it is shown that the political processes leading to nomination or election in…
2Cases cited50 opinions
- Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp.Supreme Court of the United States · 1977
- M'culloch v. State of MarylandSupreme Court of the United States · 1819
- Reynolds v. SimsSupreme Court of the United States · 1964
- Washington v. DavisSupreme Court of the United States · 1976
- Personnel Administrator of Mass. v. FeeneySupreme Court of the United States · 1979
45 more not listed; retrieve them via the Exa API.
3Cited by170 opinions
- Burton v. City of Belle GladeCourt of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit · 1999
- Ruiz v. City of Santa MariaCourt of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit · 1998
- Vecinos De Barrio Uno v. City of HolyokeCourt of Appeals for the First Circuit · 1995
- Simmons v. GalvinCourt of Appeals for the First Circuit · 2009
- Old Person v. BrownCourt of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit · 2002
165 more not listed; retrieve them via the Exa API.