Legal Opinion
Hammer v. Gross
Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
Decided September 6, 1989No. Nos. 87-6682, 88-5638PublishedCited by 35 opinions
1Opinion of the Court
CYNTHIA HOLCOMB HALL, Circuit Judge:
Appeal No. 87-6682 presents the difficult constitutional question of how much, if any, physical force police officers may use to compel a drunk driving suspect to submit to chemical testing in order to obtain evidence of intoxication for use in a criminal prosecution. Plaintiff-appellee Timothy Hammer brought this action under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (1982), against defendants-appellants City of Newport Beach, California, former Newport Beach police chief Charles Gross, and Newport Beach police officer Armando Zatarain. Hammer claims that Officer Zatarain used…
2Cases cited23 opinions
- Graham v. ConnorSupreme Court of the United States · 1989
- Parratt v. TaylorSupreme Court of the United States · 1981
- Schmerber v. CaliforniaSupreme Court of the United States · 1966
- Tennessee v. GarnerSupreme Court of the United States · 1985
- Rochin v. CaliforniaSupreme Court of the United States · 1952
18 more not listed; retrieve them via the Exa API.
3Cited by35 opinions
- Raul Jose Valencia v. Garry D. WigginsCourt of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit · 1993
- Nelson v. City of IrvineCourt of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit · 1998
- State v. JohnstonCourt of Criminal Appeals of Texas · 2011
- Hammer v. GrossCourt of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit · 1991
- Greenidge v. RuffinCourt of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit · 1991
30 more not listed; retrieve them via the Exa API.