Enzymatic treatments for cotton

Textile processing is a growing industry that traditionally has used a lot of water, energy and harsh chemicals. Conventional chemical processes are generally severe and fibre damage may occur. Enzymes are characterized by their ability to operate under mild conditions and as a result processes can be carried out without further damaging the fibers. Enzymes are also readily biodegradable and therefore potentially harmless and environmentally friendly. Furthermore, the use of enzymes results in reduced process times, energy and water savings, improved product quality. This work represents a review of current research and future directions on the applications of enzymatic treatments for cotton. The enzymes used in the textile field are amylases for desizing of cotton and cellulases for denim finishing and biopolishing. The application of cellulases for denim finishing and laccases for decolourization of textile effluents and textile bleaching are the most recent commercial advances.