Abstract
With increased mobility, people carry laptops as part of their daily routine. Based on personal preference, they are held as handbags, shoulder bags, or cross-body bags. However, regardless of the carry style, their unilateral nature can affect skeletal health and cause discomfort, potentially leading to long-term injuries and high societal costs. This study examines the effects of carrying styles on joint movements. Twenty-five participants aged 21 to 24 walked on a treadmill under four conditions: without a laptop; while holding a 5 kg laptop case as a handbag in the dominant hand; as a shoulder bag hanging on their dominant side; and as a cross-body bag worn on their dominant side. Joint motions were recorded. Range of motion (ROM) and average angles (RMS values) of the joints were measured in the sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes. Kinematic analysis revealed that spinal joint movements were restricted under load, and these restrictions were asymmetric between the right and left sides (p<0.05). The reduction in ROM was highest with the handbag carrying style, the shoulder bag style showed the highest asymmetry, and the crossbody style had the least impact on joint movements. By demonstrating the effects of load carrying on joints, this study may help clinicians design strategies to mitigate unilateral load-related risks and reduce injuries.
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