Abstract
The Asian arowana (Scleropages formosus) is an ancient freshwater fish species from the Osteoglossidae family. It is a territorial and mouth-brooding fish, which inhabits slow-moving rivers and lakes within forests in Southeast Asia. It produces a small number (20–90 eggs/spawning) but very big eggs (diameter: ∼2 cm). It is highly endangered and has been listed under appendix I of CITES since 1975. Captive breeding of the Asian arowana was first successfully carried out in 1981. Its aquaculture began in 1989. Recently, the arowana aquaculture sector generated annual revenue over UDS 200 million globally. The sustainable and profitable aquaculture of a species depends on suitable knowledge of its biology. In this review, the information on the Asian arowana’s evolution, distribution, reproduction, genetics, genomics, growth, diseases and aquaculture was consolidated. Some research areas to fill in the knowledge gaps of its biology and aquaculture to facilitate its aquaculture and conservation were highlighted.
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