Authors
Nisha PujariSeetur Radhakrishna PradeepKareenhalli Viswanath VenkateshSanjay M. MahajaniNarendra G. ShahAmit Arora
Topics
Diet, Metabolism, and DiseaseLiver Disease Diagnosis and Treatmentfuture MTM interventions, such as choice, customization, or personalization, along with increased MTM awareness. Funding Sources: None.Current Developments in Nutrition 8 Suppl 2 (2024) 102369 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.102369Objectives: Anemia impairs early cognitive & psychomotor development with lifelong consequences. The most common anemia is iron deficiency (IDA). US anemia prevalence is 18.1% in children 6-23 months, varying among racial/ethnic groups (Black 22.5%; white 11.2%). Household & child food insecurity (FI) have been associated with anemia. Racial/ethnic health disparities & FI are both rooted in structural inequities, which may impact IDA prevalence. Thus, we aimed to investigate racial/ethnic & FI differences in IDA diagnosis & treatment. Methods: Survey data (2009-2018) from children 6-24 months seen in 3 US pediatric centers included sociodemo graphic characteristics, FI, birthweight (BW), length of gestation, & screen for special health care needs (SHCN). FI was defined using the Household Food Security Survey Module & households classified as FI (3+ conditions) & child FI (2+ child-related conditions). Survey data linked with longitudinal electronic health records (EHR) provided lab values of hemoglobin (Hgb), median corpuscular value (MCV), lead (Pb), ICD9 & 10, medi cation. Following national guidelines IDA was defined as Hgb 11.0g/dL & MCV< 77fL. Results: Of 1978 children with HGB+MCV, born at term, BW >2500 grams, no SHCN risk, Pb<10 mcg/dL, & no diseases likely to interfere with lab values, 18.7% had IDA (n¼ 370). Among those, 36.2% were prescribed iron medication per EHR record (n¼ 134). Of those, 36.6% (n¼ 5) had a subsequent lab value showing treatment efficacy, the equivalent of 1.3% of initial IDA sample. Significantly higher prevalence of IDA was found in children born to Hispanic or Black non-Hispanic mothers (vs. White non-Hispanic, Other), immigrant mothers (vs. US-born), living with household FI or child FI. After adjustment, race/ethnicity, nativity, & FI were not associated with iron medication prescription to treat IDA. Conclusions: One in five children 6-24 months had IDA and only 1.3% were adequately treated. Race/ethnicity & FI differed significantly between children with/without IDA, suggesting structural inequities’role in IDA development. These differences were not detected in iron treated/non-treated children. This multi-site case study suggests a need for closer adherence to healthcare guidelines for standard IDA screening & treatment to prevent IDA’s neurocognitive consequences in all children. Funding Sources: N/A.Current Developments in Nutrition 8 Suppl 2 (2024) 102370 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.102370P03-044-24 Comparison of Blood Glucose on Consumption of Non-Centrifugal Sugar and Refined Sugar Nisha Pujari 1, Pradeep S 1, KV Venkatesh 1, Sanjay Mahajani 1, Narendra Shah 1, Amit Arora 1 1 Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, IndiaObjectives: Non-centrifugal sugar (NCS) or jaggery, is a sweetener produced by concentrated sugarcane juice. Sugarcane possesses a variety of bioactives owing to its myriad constituents. Opposed to table sugar, jaggery consists of various polyphenols and minerals, on account of its unrefined nature. Although pre sent in traceable amounts, the minerals and polyphenols are known to have specific biochemical functions . Despite the re ported health benefits of jaggery, phytochemical studies in sug arcane are scarce and its bioactive compounds have still not been adequately exploited. Considering the implications of refined sugars on human health over the years such as insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus, the replacement of refined sugars with unrefined alternative sweeteners may have a positive dietary effect. One approach to reduce postprandial hyperglycaemia is to retard the absorption of carbohydrates after food intake. This could be achieved through the inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase present in the gastrointestinal tract. This paper brings evidence from recent measurements of both unrefined and refined sugars. Methods: Ten NCS samples were analysed against refined sugar, acarbose and green tea to evaluate its α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory properties. These samples were also analyzed for its polyphenolic and flavonoid contents to study any correlation between the two outputs. On the basis of this, a clinical trial (N¼ 104) was conducted to study the effect of jaggery on blood glucose profile in comparison to refined sugar. Results: It was found that NCS showed a strong positive effect on the inhibition of both these enzymes. Also, a significantly strong correlation was also observed between phenolic and flavonoid contents and inhibition % of this α-glucosidase (r ¼0.662, 0.770; p ¼ 0.052, 0.015). Also, a moderate positive cor relation was seen between α-amylase inhibition and TPC (r¼ 0.54). Clinical trials showed that consumption of refined sugar caused glucose profile changes similar to a pre-diabetic patient (70% of participants) whereas jaggery consumption exhibited such effect on only 15% participants. Conclusions: The presence of certain minerals and poly phenols makes NCS a good candidate as a healthier sweetener over refined sugar. Funding Sources: Rajiv Gandhi Science & Technology Commission, Govt. of Maharashtra.Current Developments in Nutrition 8 Suppl 2 (2024) 102371 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.102371Abstracts from NUTRITION 2024 Current Developments in Nutrition 8 Suppl 2 (2024)
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PublishedJun 29, 2024
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