Abstract
This paper presents a comparative assessment of six synchrophasor estimation techniques, namely one-cycle Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), Four-Parameter Modeling (4PM), Six-Parameter Modeling (6PM), Least Squares (LS), Weighted Least Squares (WLS), and demodulation with Cascaded Delayed Signal Cancellation (demod-CDSC). The evaluation is conducted in steady-state off-nominal grid conditions according to the IEEE 60255-118-1-2018 specification. Results from simulations show each method’s strengths and weaknesses in terms of total vector error (TVE) compliance when the off-nominal grid is in a steady state. The LS, WLS, and demod-CDSC show strong performance over the whole frequency range, continuously keeping TVE below the 1% threshold, but DFT and parameter modeling techniques show restricted compliance close to nominal frequency. The research provides valuable insights into the design prerequisites and compromises between algorithmic computational burden and measurement accuracy, offering practical guidance for selecting suitable synchrophasor estimation methods in modern power system applications.
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