Legal Opinion
United States v. Stanley Friedman, Michael Lazar, Lester Shafran, and Marvin Kaplan, Defendants
Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
Decided July 18, 1988No. 107 to 110, Dockets 87-1134, 87-1137 to 87-1139PublishedCited by 201 opinions
1Opinion of the Court
WINTER, Circuit Judge:
The New York City Parking Violations Bureau (“PVB”), an agency of the City’s Department of Transportation (“DOT”), collects parking fines. But the jury in this case found that the PVB was also used to collect bribes and kickbacks and had become a cesspool of corruption. It found that appellants Stanley Friedman, Michael Lazar, Lester Shafran and Marvin Kaplan had participated in the operation of the PVB as a racketeering enterprise, in violation of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (“RICO”), 18 U.S.C. §§ 1961, 1962(c), (d) (1982 & Supp. IV 1986). The…
2Cases cited74 opinions
- Cohen v. Beneficial Industrial Loan Corp.Supreme Court of the United States · 1949
- Kotteakos v. United StatesSupreme Court of the United States · 1946
- Edwards v. ArizonaSupreme Court of the United States · 1981
- Delaware v. Van ArsdallSupreme Court of the United States · 1986
- Cuyler v. SullivanSupreme Court of the United States · 1980
69 more not listed; retrieve them via the Exa API.
3Cited by201 opinions
- United States v. Gennaro J. Angiulo, Donato F. Angiulo, Samuel S. Granito, Francesco J. Angiulo and Michele A. AngiuloCourt of Appeals for the First Circuit · 1990
- United States v. DiazCourt of Appeals for the Second Circuit · 1999
- United States v. Alex Wong, Roger Kwok, Chen I. Chung, Tung Tran, Danny Ngo, Brian Chan, Joseph Wang, Chiang T. Cheng, and Steven NgCourt of Appeals for the Second Circuit · 1994
- United States v. Leonard A. PelulloCourt of Appeals for the Third Circuit · 1994
- United States v. Chaim LevyCourt of Appeals for the Second Circuit · 1994
196 more not listed; retrieve them via the Exa API.