Legal Opinion · Concurrence

Halleck v. Manhattan Cmty. Access Corp.

Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit

Decided February 9, 2018No. Docket No. 16-4155; August Term 2016Published

1ConcurrenceLohier, Circuit Judge

I fully agree with the majority opinion. I write separately to add only that in the specific circumstances of this case we might also rely on the public function test to conclude that MNN and its employees are state actors subject to First Amendment restrictions when they regulate the public's use of the public access channels at issue here. "Under the public function test, state action may be found in situations where an activity that traditionally has been the exclusive, or near exclusive, function of the State has been contracted out to a private entity." Grogan v. Blooming Grove Volunteer…

2Cases cited10 opinions

  1. Ward v. Rock Against RacismSupreme Court of the United States · 1989
  2. Winters v. New YorkSupreme Court of the United States · 1948
  3. Federal Communications Commission v. Pacifica FoundationSupreme Court of the United States · 1978
  4. Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assn.Supreme Court of the United States · 2011
  5. Denver Area Educational Telecommunications Consortium, Inc. v. Federal Communications CommissionSupreme Court of the United States · 1996

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