In Re Oliver

A Michigan circuit judge summarily sent the petitioner to jail for contempt of court. We must determine whether he was denied the procedural due process guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment.

In obedience to a subpoena the petitioner appeared as a witness before a Michigan circuit judge who was then conducting, in accordance with Michigan law, a “one-man grand jury” investigation into alleged gambling and official corruption. The investigation presumably took place in the judge’s chambers, though that is not certain. *259Two other circuit judges were present in an advisory-capacity.1 A prosecutor…