United States v. Marion Promise, A/K/A Mario,defendant-Appellant

I believe that, in interpreting 21 U.S.C. § 841, this court, and every other Court of Appeals, has, however understandably, fundamentally misunderstood the Supreme Court’s decisions in Almendarez-Torres v. United States, 523 U.S. 224, 118 S.Ct. 1219, 140 L.Ed.2d 350 (1998), Jones v. *169United, States, 526 U.S. 227, 119 S.Ct. 1215, 143 L.Ed.2d 311 (1999), and Castillo v. United States, 530 U.S. 120, 120 S.Ct. 2090, 147 L.Ed.2d 94 (2000), on the one hand, and Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466, 120 S.Ct. 2348, 147 L.Ed.2d 435 (2000), on the other, outright substituting Apprendi's constitutional…